Fixed lingual orthodontic retainer with bilateral missing lateral incisors produced in PEEK material using CAD/CAM technology

The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the feasibility of digital workflow for lingual fixed retainer based on digital intraoral scan and appliance production from Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) material for clinical consideration. Fully virtual lin

Die Wertigkeit von placental growth factor (PlGF) und soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) im Rahmen des Erst-Trimester-Screenings.

Die Angiogenesefaktoren soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) und placen¬tal growth factor (PlGF) sind bei einer manifesten Präeklampsie signifikant verändert. sFlt-1 ist signifikant erhöht, PlGF signifikant erniedrigt. Bereits im ersten Trimenon weisen Frauen, die im Schwangerschaftsverlauf an einer Präeklampsie erkranken, signifikant erniedrigte PlGF-Spiegel auf. Durchgeführt wurde eine retrospektive Studie mit 161 Schwangeren, die während Schwangerschaftswoche 11+0 bis 13+6 im Erst-Trimester-Screening untersucht wurden. Ergänzend zum Screening erfolgte eine Quantifizierung von sFlt-1 und PlGF mit dem Roche Elecsys® aus mütterlichem Serum. Für sFlt-1 ergab sich ein Mittelwert in Höhe von 1247,11 ± 545,84 pg/ml und für PlGF von 47,00 ± 22,62 pg/ml. Sowohl zwischen sFlt-1 und PAPP-A MoM (r_S = 0,681, p < 0,001) als auch zwischen PlGF und PAPP-A MoM (r_S = 0,465, p < 0,001) besteht ein positiv gerichteter Zusammenhang. sFlt-1 korreliert negativ mit dem mütterlichen BMI zum Zeitpunkt des ETS (r_S = -0,225, p = 0,005) und ist bei Übergewichtigen gegenüber Normalgewichtigen signifikant erniedrigt (p = 0,003). Zwischen PlGF und der Scheitel-Steiß-Länge besteht eine positive Korrelation (r_S = 0,27, p < 0,001), ein inverser Zusammenhang liegt zwischen PlGF und dem jeweils niedrigeren Pulsatility index der Aa. uterinae vor (r_S = -0,235; p = 0,012). Bei Patientin¬nen mit einem präexistenten Diabetes mellitus (Typ I oder Typ II) sind sFlt-1 und PlGF (p < 0,05) signifikant erniedrigt. Raucherinnen zeigen signifikant erhöhte PlGF Spiegel (p < 0,001). Anhand von lediglich zwei Präeklampsiepatientinnen ließen sich keine validen Aussagen zu den Angiogenesefaktoren ableiten. Als singuläre Screeningparameter erscheinen sFlt-1 und PlGF im ersten Trimenon ungeeignet. Zusammenfassend kann mit der vorliegenden Studie ein Einfluss von klinischen maternalen Eigenschaften auf die sFlt-1 und PlGF Konzentration im mütterlichen Serum bestätigt werden, der bei der Interpretation der Messwerte berücksichtigt werden muss

Comparison of the shear bond strength of 3D printed temporary bridges materials, on different types of resin cements and surface treatment

Thus, purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of the resin cement and the resin modified glass ionomer cement on 3D printed temporary material for crowns and bridges in combination with different surface treatment modalities. Test specimens VarseoSmile Temp material (Bego, Bremen, Germany) (n=64) in the form of rectangular blocks (n=32) and cylindrical test specimens (n=32) were printed using the Varseo S 3D printer (Bego, Bremen, Germany). The specimens were divided into 4 groups, with 8 specimens of each kind. Two groups (n=16 pairs) were blasted with Perlablast® Micro [PM] 50µm (Bego, Bremen, Germany) and two groups (n=16 pairs) were blasted with alumina [AL] 50µm. The cylindric specimen were cemented on the rectangular block with a load of 20N using a Zwick/Roell machine (Ulm, Germany), to ensure a comparable cementing process. One group (n=8) of each pre-treatment was cemented with Fuji Cem 2 [Fuji+AL & Fuji+PM] and one of each with Variolink® Esthetic [Vario+AL & Vario+PM]. The Fuji Cem 2 was chemically cured while dual curing Variolink® Esthetic was additionally light cured using LED (Bluephase II, Ivoclar Vivadent, Ellwagen, Germany; light intensity, >1,000 mW/cm2, high power modus). The shear strength was performed with Zwick/Roell universal test machine (speed, 0.8 mm/min), fracture and statistical analysis was performed (T-test, p<0.05). T-test showed a significant difference Fuji Cem 2 (Fuji+AL & Fuji&PM) and Variolink® Esthetic (Vario+AL &Vario+PM) (p=0.000). Fuji+AL & Fuji+PM showed a significant difference for surface pre-treatment (p=0.002). Vario+AL & Vario+PM no significance (p=0.872) for pre-treatment method was detectable. Variolink® Esthetic showed a higher bond strength compared to Fuji Cem 2 and an increasing bond strength for Fuji Cem 2 with alumina pre-treatment. There was no significant difference for Vario+AL and Vario+PM

Comparative mechanical testing for different orthodontic aligner materials over time : in vitro study

The purpose of the present study is to mechanically evaluate and compare the forces over 12 hours on different orthodontic aligners manufactured by Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG). Twelve orthodontic aligner specimens will be produced by a the

Mechanical evaluation for three-dimensional printed orthodontic springs with different heights-in vitro study

The orthodontic spring materials in use have a significant influence on the applied forces. The prerequisite to identify the in vitro force deflection of the CAD/CAM fabricated springs is considered mandatory to identify the material charact

Shear force comparative evaluation for surface treated and non- treated 3D interim printed materials with different types of glass-ionomer cements

The purpose of this investigation was to compare shear force of different glass-ionomer cements on 3D printed interim material in combination with and without surface pretreatment. 120 rectangular specimens made of printable provisional material (Bego, Bremen, Germany) were used. After post-processing the specimens were blasted with aluminum oxide 110µm (Bego, Bremen, Germany). Extra 120 non-surface treated specimens were used as an experimental negative test group. All 240 specimens were divided randomly into 6 groups. All were cemented with a compressive load of 20 N using universal testing machine Z010 (Zwick/Roell, Ulm, Germany) to ensure a comparable cementing process. Each of the six groups were cemented with different cements (CX Plus (Shofu, Ratingen, Germany), Vivaglass CEM PL (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Aqua Cem (Dentsply Sirona, Bensheim, Germany), Ketac Cem (3M, Neuss, Germany), Meron Plus AC (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany), and Fuji 1 (GC, Tokyo, Japan). Shear force test was performed, and forces were statistically analyzed via Anova test (significance level p<0.001). All the pre-treated specimens showed a significantly higher bonding strength compared to not pretreated. Meron Plus AC showed the highest shear overall force. The Anova test showed a significant difference between all pretreated study groups (p<0.001). An increase of the necessary forces for all groups was shown in pretreated group. Within the limitations of this study, a surface pretreatment is recommended when bonding a 3D interim material with glass ionomer cements

Global standards of Constitutional law : epistemology and methodology

Just as it led the philosophy of science to gravitate around scientific practice, the abandonment of all foundationalist aspirations has already begun making political philosophy into an attentive observer of the new ways in which constitutional law is practiced. Yet paradoxically, lawyers and legal scholars are not those who understand this the most clearly. Beyond analyzing the jurisprudence that has emerged from the expansion of constitutional justice, and taking into account the development of international and regional law, the ongoing globalization of constitutional law requires comparing the constitutional laws of individual nations. Following Waldron, the product of this new legal science can be considered as ius gentium. This legal science is not as well established as one might like to think. But it can be developed on the grounds of the practice that consists in ascertaining standards. As abstract types of best “practices” (and especially norms) of constitutional law from around the world, these are only a source of law in a substantive, not a formal, sense. They thus belong to what I should like to call a “second order legal positivity.” In this article I will undertake, both at a methodological and an epistemological level, the development of a model for ascertaining global standards of constitutional law

Fracture strength test of digitally produced ceramic-filled and unfilled dental resin restorations via 3d printing : an in vitro study

Purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical efficiency of 3D-printed permanent and provisional implant cemented fixed bridges produced via CAD/CAM technology using an interim and a permanent ceramic filled hybrid material. Two groups with t